NFER surveyed nationally-representative samples of senior leaders with responsibility for staffing in autumn 2020 and autumn 2021. The aim of the surveys was to gather information about senior leaders’ experience of teacher recruitment, retention and what actions, if any, they had taken to manage shortages. The surveys also explored the level of difficulty schools found teacher recruitment in different key stages and subjects and gathered information about how schools currently deal with shortages in the most challenging subjects.  Senior leaders’ experienceTeacher recruitment, and retentionManage shortagesChallenging subjectsWorking conditions