Data from a large-scale survey carried out with 4,466 displaced and host households in four refugee hosting countries: Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Jordan, and Kenya. In each country, the data includes respondents in an urban setting and a camp (or camp-like) setting. The survey was part of the IIED project 'Protracted Displacement in an Urban World' which sought to compare the experiences of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in cities and camps in four countries. The aim of the comparative investigation was to better understand how displaced people in these different settings fare in terms of their self-reliance, livelihoods and economies, and well-being. The survey covers the following areas: Respondent and household profileMigration profile and perception of settingWellbeingLivelihoods and self-reliancePlans and Aspirations It provides 4,466 structured survey interviews in each of four countries: 886 in Afghanistan, 1,256 in Ethiopia, 983 in Jordan, and 1,341 in Kenya, offering urban-camp comparative insight in each. Respondent and household profileMigration profile and perception of settingWellbeingLivelihoods and self-reliancePlans and Aspirations