The aim of this survey was to examine the social welfare needs of persons living in a rural area and the effectiveness of services in relation to the particular enviroment. Variables The survey examined needs in relation to the whole range of social services provision, including social deprivation, chronic illness and handicap; the extent to which services are available to meet needs, e.g. home help, aids to the handicapped; family and community support, rural employment, transport, and other aspects of village life.